"Parts of speech" are the basic types of words that English has. Most grammar books say that there are eight parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions and interjections.
A NOUN is a naming word. It names a person, place, thing, idea, living creature, quality, or action. Examples:cowboy, theatre, box.
A VERB is a word which describes an action or a state. Examples:walk, talk, think.
An ADJECTIVE is a word that describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun. Examples:big, yellow, thin, amazing.
An ADVERB is a word which usually describes a verb. It tells you how something is done. It may also tell you when or where something happened. Examples:slowly, intelligently, well.
A PRONOUN is used instead of a noun, to avoid repeating the noun. Examples:I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
A CONJUCTION joins two words, phrases or sentences together. Examples:but, so, and, etc.
A PREPOSITION usually comes before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase. It joins the noun to some other part of the sentence. Examples:on, in, by, with, under.
An INTERJECTION is an unusual kind of word, because it often stands alone. Interjections are words which express emotion or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation marks. Examples:Ouch!, Hello!, Hurray!
An ARTICLE is used to introduce a noun. Examples:the, a, an
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